The function of solar panels is to convert the sun's light energy into electricity, and then output direct current and store it in the battery. Solar panels are one of the most important components in the solar power system, and their conversion rate and service life are important factors to determine whether solar cells have use value.

Solar cell modules can be formed into solar cell arrays of various sizes, also known as solar arrays. The power output capacity of a solar panel is closely related to the size of its area, and the larger the area, the greater the output power under the same lighting conditions. The pros and cons of solar panels are mainly measured by two indicators: open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current.